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Curcuma longa/ Turmeric/ כורכום/ Jiang Huang

כורכום הינו מהמוכרים והנחקרים ביותר מבין צמחי המרפא בעולם. מקורו של הכורכום בתת היבשת ההודית והוא משמש למאכל ורפואה מסורתית כבר אלפי שנים. הוא הובא אל אזורינו בדרכי הבשמים והתבלינים העתיקות לפני מאות רבות של שנים, וגם באזורנו שימש לרפואה ומאכל.

מחקר מודרני מצא את צמח הכורכום כבעל השפעה אנטי סרטנית (1-6), נוגדת דלקת(7-10) נוגדת חמצון (11,12), מווסתת חיסון(13), משקמת רקמות (14), הוא נחשב למפיג גזים(15) ובעל השפעה המגינה על הכבד (16).

כמו כן נמצא כי כורכום אפקטיבי לאיזון רמות השומנים בדם(17), וויסות לחץ דם, תמיכה בבריאות הלב (18), כלי הדם(19) והכליות(20,21). כמו כן כורכום הראה פעילות אנטי מיקרוביאלית (22) בין היתר כנגד הליקובקטר פילורי(23,24), ופעילות המגינה על מערכת העצבים (26-28).

כורכום הראה שיפור במדדים שונים ובאיכות החיים אצל הסובלים ממגוון סוגים של מחלות שרירים (29) ומפרקים(30-35) דלקות במערכת העיכול (36-40) בהן קרוהן(41), קוליטיס (42-45), גסטריטיס (46) ודלקות חניכיים (47-51). כמו כן בקרב מי שסובלים מטרשת עורקים (52,53), שומנים וכולסטרול עודפים בדם (54-59) וסוכרת (60-63)

כורכום תומך במערכת העצבים ומגן עליה(64,65), והנו בעל השפעה מיטיבה על הסובלים מדיכאון(66-69) זיכרון לקוי, אלצהיימר (70,71) ונוירופתיה .

מלבד כל אלו כורכום הראה יעילות בתמיכה במטופלות עם הפרעות במערכת הרבייה, הנובועת מחוסר איזון הורמונאלי(72,73) כאב (74-76) או דלקת (77) וזיהומים במערכת הרבייה הזכרית (78). הוא מהווה תמיכה בטיפול במחלות אוטואימוניות (79,80) בדלקות בכבד (81,82) ובבדרכי המרה (83-88).

 

יש לנקוט זהירות בעת שילוב עם תרופות נוגדות פרכוסים, תרופות להורדת סוכר, תרופות מדכאות חיסון, תרופות לטיפול בלחץ דם ונוגדי קרישה. בשל השפעה נוגדת קרישה של הצמח, מוטב להפסיק את השימוש בו לפני הליכים כירורגים. במקרים של אבנים בכיס מרה ואבנים בכליות, מוטב לעשות בו שימוש תחת פיקוח מקצועי.

עבור חולים אונקולוגים הוא נחשב לצמח תומך ונפלא, אך יש להיות תחת השגחה מקצועית בעת טיפול בתרופות כימותפריות מסויימות, וישנה מחלוקת באשר לבטיחות בשימוש בעת טיפולי רדיותרפיה.

אפיקסייפ

ניתן לבדוק אינטראקציות בין צמחים לבין תרופות באתר 

למען הסר ספק המידע אינו  מהווה המלצה רפואית מוסמכת ואינו מיועד להנחות את הציבור או לשמש לגביו כהמלצה או הוראה או עצה לשימוש או שינוי או הורדה של תרופה כלשהי, ואין בו תחליף לייעוץ רפואי פרטני או אחר.

המונח ‘צמחי מרפא’ מתייחס להגדרה המקובלת ברפואת הצמחים המסורתית וברפואה המשלימה.

1. Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. A L Cheng, C H Hsu, J K Lin, M M Hsu, Y F Ho, T S Shen, J Y Ko, J T Lin, B R Lin, W Ming-Shiang, H S Yu, S H Jee, G S Chen, T M Chen, C A Chen, M K Lai, Y S Pu, M H Pan, Y J Wang, C C Tsai, C Y Hsieh. s.l. : Anticancer Res, 2001.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11712783/

 

2. The potential role of curcumin in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undefined significance--its effect on paraproteinemia and the urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen bone turnover marker. Terry Golombick, Terrence H Diamond, Vladimir Badmaev, Arumugam Manoharan, Rajeev Ramakrishna. s.l. : Clin Cancer Res, 2009 .

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19737963/

 

3. Curcumin downregulates human tumor necrosis factor-α levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trials. Amirhossein Sahebkar, Arrigo F G Cicero , Luis E Simental-Mendía , Bharat B Aggarwal , Subash C Gupta. s.l. : Pharmacol Res, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27025786/

 

4. Clinical development of leukocyte cyclooxygenase 2 activity as a systemic biomarker for cancer chemopreventive agents. S M Plummer, K A Hill, M F Festing, W P Steward, A J Gescher, R A Sharma. s.l. : Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2001.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11751448/

 

5. Curcumin treatment suppresses IKKβ kinase activity of salivary cells of patients with head and neck cancer: a pilot study. Suejung G Kim, Mysore S Veena, Saroj K Basak, Eugene Han, Tracey Tajima, David W Gjertson, Joshua Starr, Ofer Eidelman, Harvey B Pollard, Meera Srivastava, Eri S Srivatsan, Marilene B Wang. s.l. : Clin Cancer Res, 2011.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21821700/

 

6. Curcumin: a Polyphenol with Molecular Targets for Cancer Control. Muhammad Imran Qadir, Syeda Tahira Qousain Naqvi, Syed Aun Muhammad. s.l. : Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27356682/

 

7. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Anupam Bishayee , Gautam Sethi , Pallu Reddanna , Arunasree M Kalle , Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya , Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru , Ramakrishna Chintala , Govinda Rao Duddukuri. s.l. : Semin Cancer Biol, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26853158/

 

8. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Bharat B Aggarwal, Kuzhuvelil B Harikuma. s.l. : Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2009.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18662800/

 

9. Clinical utility of curcumin extract. Gary N Asher, Kevin Spelman. s.l. : Altern Ther Health Med, 2013.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23594449/

 

10. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Jurenka, Julie S. s.l. : Altern Med Rev, 2009.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19594223/

 

11. Anti-ulcer activity of curcumin on experimental gastric ulcer in rats and its effect on oxidative stress/antioxidant, IL-6 and enzyme activities. M Tuorkey, K Karolin. s.l. : Biomed Environ Sci, 2009.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895398810600062

 

12. Curcumin, inflammation, and chronic diseases: how are they linked? Yan He, Yuan Yue , Xi Zheng , Kun Zhang , Shaohua Chen , Zhiyun Du. s.l. : Molecules, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26007179/

 

13. Molecular mechanisms of curcumin action: gene expression. Shishodia, Shishir. s.l. : Biofactors, 2013.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22996381/

 

14. Curcumin as a wound healing agent. Dania Akbik, Maliheh Ghadiri , Wojciech Chrzanowski , Ramin Rohanizadeh. s.l. : Life Sci, 2014.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25200875/

 

15. Randomized double blind study of Curcuma domestica Val. for dyspepsia. V Thamlikitkul, N Bunyapraphatsara, T Dechatiwongse, S Theerapong, C Chantrakul, T Thanaveerasuwan, S Nimitnon, P Boonroj, W Punkrut, V Gingsungneon, et al. s.l. : J Med Assoc Thai, 1989.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2699615/

 

16. Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. Subash C. Gupta, Sridevi Patchva, and Bharat B. Aggarwal corresponding author. s.l. : AAPS J, 2013.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3535097/

 

17. Dietary natural products as emerging lipoprotein(a)-lowering agents. Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni, Niki Katsiki , Matteo Pirro , Maciej Banach , Khalid Al Rasadi , Amirhossein Sahebkar. s.l. : J Cell Physiol, 2019.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30637725/

 

18. Curcumin as a potential protective compound against cardiac diseases. Shuai Jiang, Jing Han , Tian Li , Zhenlong Xin , Zhiqiang Ma , Wencheng Di , Wei Hu , Bing Gong , Shouyin Di , Dongjin Wang , Yang Yang. s.l. : Pharmacol Res, 2017.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28274852/

 

19. Curcumin supplementation improves vascular endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stress. Jessica R Santos-Parker, Talia R Strahler , Candace J Bassett , Nina Z Bispham , Michel B Chonchol , Douglas R Seals. s.l. : Aging (Albany NY), 2017.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28070018/

 

20. Renoprotective effect of the antioxidant curcumin: Recent findings. Joyce Trujillo, Yolanda Irasema Chirino, Eduardo Molina-Jijón, Ana Cristina Andérica-Romero, Edilia Tapia, José Pedraza-Chaverrí. s.l. : Redox Biol, 2013.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24191240/

 

21. Oral supplementation of turmeric attenuates proteinuria, transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-8 levels in patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Parviz Khajehdehi, Maryam Pakfetrat, Katayoun Javidnia, Fariborz Azad, Leila Malekmakan, Mahshid Hashemi Nasab, Gholamreza Dehghanzadeh. s.l. : Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2011.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21627399/

 

22. Curcumin: the Indian solid gold. Bharat B Aggarwal, Chitra Sundaram, Nikita Malani, Haruyo Ichikawa. s.l. : Adv Exp Med Biol, 2007.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17569205/

 

23. Curcumin as a potential therapeutic candidate for Helicobacter pylori associated diseases. Avijit Sarkar, Ronita De, and Asish K Mukhopadhyay. s.l. : World J Gastroenterol., 2016.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4777996/

 

24. CURCUMIN IN COMBINATION WITH TRIPLE THERAPY REGIMES AMELIORATES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS-ASSOCIATED HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION. Arezu Judaki, Asghar Rahmani , Jalil Feizi , Khairollah Asadollahi , Mohammad Reza Hafezi Ahmadi. s.l. : Arq Gastroenterol, 2017.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28492711/

 

25. Therapeutic potential of curcumin for multiple sclerosis. Munibah Qureshi, Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi , Fazli Wahid , Omer Shehzad , Adeeb Shehzad. s.l. : Neurol Sci, 2018.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29079885/

 

26. Curcumin boosts DHA in the brain: Implications for the prevention of anxiety disorders. Aiguo Wu, Emily E Noble , Ethika Tyagi , Zhe Ying , Yumei Zhuang , Fernando Gomez-Pinilla. s.l. : Biochim Biophys Acta, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25550171/

 

27. Curcumin and linseed oil co-delivered in phospholipid nanoemulsions enhances the levels of docosahexaenoic acid in serum and tissue lipids of rats. D Sugasini, B R Lokesh. s.l. : Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2017.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410669/

 

28. Curcumin and Resveratrol in the Management of Cognitive Disorders: What is the Clinical Evidence? Gabriela Mazzanti, Silvia Di Giacomo. s.l. : Molecules, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27649135/

 

29. Herbs and natural supplements in the prevention and treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness. Meamarbashi, Abbas. s.l. : Avicenna J Phytomed, 2017.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28265543/

 

30. Co-analgesic therapy for arthroscopic supraspinatus tendon repair pain using a dietary supplement containing Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. G Merolla, F Dellabiancia , A Ingardia , P Paladini , G Porcellini. s.l. : Musculoskelet Surg, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25957549/

 

31. Efficacy of Turmeric Extracts and Curcumin for Alleviating the Symptoms of Joint Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. James W Daily, Mini Yang , Sunmin Park. s.l. : J Med Food, 2016 .

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27533649/

 

32. Benefits of antioxidant supplements for knee osteoarthritis: rationale and reality. Ashok Kumar Grover, Sue E Samson. s.l. : Nutr J, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26728196/

 

33. Efficacy of curcumin and Boswellia for knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Raveendhara R Bannuru, Mikala C Osani , Fatimah Al-Eid , Chenchen Wang. s.l. : Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2018.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29622343/

 

34. The spice for joint inflammation: anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in treating osteoarthritis. Chin, Kok-Yong. s.l. : Drug Des Devel Ther., 2016.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5036591/

 

35. Curcuminoid treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Yunes Panahi, Ali-Reza Rahimnia, Mojtaba Sharafi, Gholamhossein Alishiri, Amin Saburi, Amirhossein Sahebkar. s.l. : Phytother Res, 2014.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24853120/

 

36. A pilot study of the antioxidant effect of curcumin in tropical pancreatitis. S Durgaprasad, C Ganesh Pai, Vasanthkumar, Jose Filipe Alvres, Sanjeeva Namitha. s.l. : Indian J Med Res, 2005.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16394323/

 

37. Systematic review: the efficacy of herbal therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. S C Ng, Y T Lam, K K F Tsoi, F K L Chan, J J Y Sung, J C Y Wu. s.l. : Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2013.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23981095/

 

38. Complementary Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Henit Yanai, Nir Salomon , Adi Lahat. s.l. : Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27747459/

 

39. Tolerability of curcumin in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a forced-dose titration study. David L Suskind, Ghassan Wahbeh, Tyler Burpee, Morty Cohen, Dennis Christie, Wendy Weber. s.l. : J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23059643/

 

40. Curcumin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Peter R Holt, Seymour Katz, Robert Kirshoff. s.l. : Dig Dis Sci, 2005.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16240238/

 

41. Comparison of remicade to curcumin for the treatment of Crohn's disease: A systematic review. Allaire Schneider, Ivy Hossain 1, Julia VanderMolen , Kara Nicol. s.l. : Complement Ther Med, 2017.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28735823/

 

42. Advances in treatment of ulcerative colitis with herbs: from bench to bedside. Ping Wan, Hao Chen , Yuan Guo , Ai-Ping Bai. s.l. : World J Gastroenterol, 2014.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25339799/

 

43. Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Alon Lang, Nir Salomon , Justin C Y Wu , Uri Kopylov , Adi Lahat , Ofir Har-Noy , Jessica Y L Ching , Pui Kuan Cheong , Benjamin Avidan , Dorit Gamus , Ioannis Kaimakliotis , Rami Eliakim , Siew C Ng , Shomron Ben-Horin. s.l. : Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724700/

 

44. Induction with NCB-02 (curcumin) enema for mild-to-moderate distal ulcerative colitis - a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study. Vikas Singla, Venigalla Pratap Mouli , Sushil Kumar Garg , Tarun Rai , Bikash Narayan Choudhury , Prashant Verma , Rachana Deb , Veena Tiwari , Sarika Rohatgi , Rajan Dhingra , Saurabh Kedia , Piyush Kumar Sharma , Govind Makharia. s.l. : J Crohns Colitis, 2014 .

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24011514/

 

45. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hiroyuki Hanai, Takayuki Iida, Ken Takeuchi, Fumitoshi Watanabe, Yasuhiko Maruyama, Akira Andoh, Tomoyuki Tsujikawa, Yosihihide Fujiyama, Keiichi Mitsuyama, Michio Sata, Masami Yamada, Yasushi Iwaoka, Kazunari Kanke, Hideyuki Hiraishi, Kazuhisa Hirayama. s.l. : Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2006.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17101300/

 

46. Phase II clinical trial on effect of the long turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) on healing of peptic ulcer. C Prucksunand, B Indrasukhsri, M Leethochawalit, K Hungspreugs. s.l. : Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2001.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11485087/

 

47. Clinical efficacy of turmeric use in gingivitis: A comprehensive review. Karissa A Stoyell, Jennifer L Mappus , Mona A Gandhi. s.l. : Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27863601/

 

48. Effects of curcumin on crevicular levels of IL-1β and CCL28 in experimental gingivitis. S J Pulikkotil, S Nath. s.l. : Aust Dent J, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26219195/

 

49. Evaluation of Turmeric Chip Compared with Chlorhexidine Chip as a Local Drug Delivery Agent in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Split Mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Abhilasha Singh, Raja Sridhar , Ravi Shrihatti , Akash Mandloy. s.l. : J Altern Complement Med, 2018.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28731780/

 

50. Comparative evaluation of turmeric and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in prevention of plaque formation and gingivitis: a clinical and microbiological study. P F Waghmare, A U Chaudhari, V M Karhadkar, A S Jamkhande. s.l. : J Contemp Dent Pract, 2011.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22186854/

 

51. Comparative evaluation of turmeric gel with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel for treatment of plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Abhishek Kandwal, Ravindra Kumar Mamgain , Pratibha Mamgain. s.l. : Ayu, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27011714/

 

52. Effects of the antioxidant turmeric on lipoprotein peroxides: Implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis. A Ramirez Bosca, M A Carrión Gutierrez, A Soler, C Puerta, A Diez, E Quintanilla, A Bernd, J Miquel. s.l. : Age (Omaha), 1997.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23604308/

 

53. An hydroalcoholic extract of curcuma longa lowers the apo B/apo A ratio. Implications for atherogenesis prevention. A Ramírez-Boscá, A Soler, M A Carrión, J Díaz-Alperi, A Bernd, C Quintanilla, E Quintanilla Almagro, J Miquel. s.l. : Mech Ageing Dev, 2000.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11040400/

 

54. Curcumin as a potential candidate for treating hyperlipidemia: A review of cellular and metabolic mechanisms. Yunes Panahi, Yasin Ahmadi , Manouchehr Teymouri , Thomas P Johnston , Amirhossein Sahebkar. s.l. : J Cell Physiol, 2018.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28012169/

 

55. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of curcumin on blood lipid levels. Sahebkar, Amirhossein. s.l. : Clin Nutr, 2014.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24139527/

 

56. Curcumin effects on blood lipid profile in a 6-month human study. Larry Baum 1, Stanley K K Cheung, Vincent C T Mok, Linda C W Lam, Vivian P Y Leung, Elsie Hui, Chelsia C Y Ng, Moses Chow, Ping C Ho, Sherry Lam, Jean Woo, Helen F K Chiu, William Goggins, Benny Zee, Adrian Wong, Hazel Mok, William K F Cheng, Carmen Fong,. s.l. : Pharmacol Res, 2007.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17951067/

 

57. The effect of curcumin on lipid level in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Idrus Alwi 1, Teguh Santoso, Slamet Suyono, Bambang Sutrisna, Frans D Suyatna, Siti Boedina Kresno, Sri Ernie. s.l. : Acta Med Indones, 2008.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19151449/

 

58. Curcuminoids modify lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Med, Complement Ther. s.l. : Complement Ther Med, 2017.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28735818/

 

59. Curcumin Lowers Serum Lipids and Uric Acid in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Yunes Panahi, Parisa Kianpour, Reza Mohtashami, Ramezan Jafari, Luis E Simental-Mendía, Amirhossein Sahebkar. s.l. : J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2016.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27124606/

 

60. Curcumin and diabetes: a systematic review. Dong-Wei Zhang, Min Fu 2, Si-Hua Gao , Jun-Li Liu. s.l. : Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24348712/

 

61. Reduction of atherogenic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes by curcuminoid extract: a randomized controlled trial. Somlak Chuengsamarn, Suthee Rattanamongkolgul , Benjaluck Phonrat , Rungsunn Tungtrongchitr , Siwanon Jirawatnotai. s.l. : J Nutr Biochem, 2014.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24445038/

 

62. Lipid-lowering effects of curcumin in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Yi-Sun Yang, Ying-Fang Su, Hui-Wen Yang, Yu-Hsien Lee, Janet I Chou, Kwo-Chang Ueng. s.l. : Phytother Res, 2014.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25131839/

 

63. Clinical efficacy of the co-administration of Turmeric and Black seeds (Kalongi) in metabolic syndrome - a double blind randomized controlled trial - TAK-MetS trial. F Amin, N Islam , Nfn Anila , A H Gilani. s.l. : Complement Ther Med, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25847554/

 

64. Phytochemicals that regulate neurodegenerative disease by targeting neurotrophins: a comprehensive review. Ramu Venkatesan, Eunhee Ji , Sun Yeou Kim. s.l. : Biomed Res Int, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26075266/

 

65. Memory and Brain Amyloid and Tau Effects of a Bioavailable Form of Curcumin in Non-Demented Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 18-Month Trial. Gary W Small, Prabha Siddarth , Zhaoping Li , Karen J Miller , Linda Ercoli , Natacha D Emerson , Jacqueline Martinez , Koon-Pong Wong , Jie Liu , David A Merrill , Stephen T Chen , Susanne M Henning , Nagichettiar Satyamurthy , Sung-Cheng. s.l. : Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2018.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29246725/

 

66. Curcumin and major depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the potential of peripheral biomarkers to predict treatment response and antidepressant mechanisms of change. Adrian L Lopresti, Michael Maes , Marc J M Meddens , Garth L Maker , Eddy Arnoldussen , Peter D Drummond. s.l. : Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 2015.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25523883/

 

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87. Effect of different curcumin dosages on human gall bladder. Abdul Rasyid, Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman, Kamaruddin Jaalam, Aznan Lelo. s.l. : Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002.

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